1.Ecosystem
Place where biotic and biotic components interact with each other is called ecosystem.
2.types of ecosystem
A.natural ecosystem
B.artificial ecosystem
3.natural ecosystem examples
Forests
Deserts
Mountains
Ocean
Big tree
4.artificial ecosystems---made by man
Examples
Crops feild
Aquarium
Zoo
Sanctuaries
Garden
5.food chain
Interdependence of various organisms in an ecosystem is called food chain
Examples of food chain
Grass land food chain
Grass- grasshoppeer-frog-snake-hawk
Forest food chain
Plants-deer-tiger
Aquatic food chain
Phyoplnaktons-zoopanktons-small fish-big fish
So many examples of food chains are given at the end of topics
6.levels of food chain
Producers
Herbivores
Omnivores
Carnivores
7.sun is primary energy producer in ecosystem
As whole world acquires energy directly or indirectly from sun only
8.decomposers are present at top
As they decay and decompose dead and decaying matter
Examples.bacteria and fungi
9.producers are so called
Example all plants
Because
1.they trap sunlight
2.prepare foood by photosynthesis
3.directly or indirectly all organisms depend on plants for energy
4.like example herbivore eat plants and get energy
5 others omnivores and carnivores eat herbivores and derive energy
6.so plants are called producers.
10.herbivores are called primary consumers
They directly depend on plants for energy
Other omnivores and carnivores depend on them for energy directly or indirectly
Example.deer,goat,giraffe,cow etc
11.omnivores are called secondary consumers
Omnivores eat both plants and animals
Eg.cockraoch,dog,cat etc
12.carnivores are called tertiary consumers
Ate those which eat only animals for energy directly
Eg.tiger lion,fox leapord
13.TROPIC LEVEL
The energy present at each level of food chain is called trophic level
14.food chain
is like pyramid shape always
With producers at bottom as they are more in number
And carnivores at top as they are least in number
On the whole food chain looks like pyramid
15.flow if energy in ecosystem is UNIDIRECTIONAL
Because
Energy moves from producers to carnivores
As energy is produced by producers
The energy from other food chains cannot be baught back
So flow of energy is unidirectional
16.food web
Interlinked food chains are called as food web
In ecosystem many organisms depend on many other organisms
So all organisms are interlinked in food chains
Such inter linked food chains is called food web
17.always remeber in food chain energy keeps decreasing from herbivores to carnivores at the rate of 10%
18.Ten percent law
Transfer of 10% energy at each level of food chain is called ten percent law
Means 90% organism will use for its metabolic activities
Whoever feeds that organism will only get 10% energy
Basing on this they are asking numericals also
Vvi
Example
1.if at plants level 10000j of energy is there how much will be at carnivores level
Plants 10000 j means
10%of it goes to herbivores
Herbivores 1000j
10%of it
Omnivores get 100j
10%of 100 j is 10j
Goes to
Carnivores will have 10 j
2.if 5j is at carnivores level how much energy at producer level
Carnivore 5 j means
Omnivores will have 50j
Herbivores will get 500j
Carnivores will get 5000j
3.if food chain is represented as
Grass-grasshopper-frog-snake-eagle
If at grass level 30000j is there
How much will be at eagle level
4.in the below food chain
In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the producer level?
Grass → Grasshopper → Frog → Snake → Hawk
5.if 2 j is available at carnivore level how much available at producer level
6.if 12345 j energy available at producer level how much energy available at carnivores level
19.bilogical magnification
Accumulation of harmful substance in food chain is called bio magnification.
In food chain
if any pollutant enters it keeps on accumulating in food chain
And
at producers levels it will be least and at carnivores level it will be highest
Because producers are many in number
Whereas
Carnivores are less in number
20.on the whole
Energy in food chain decreases
And
Pollutants level in food chain increases
21.ozone layer
Ozone layer main function is to obstruct
Ultra violet Ray's
Reaching earth
Sundays have various components of Ray's
Among them UV Ray's are very dangerous
If they reach earth
They can cause
Skin allergies
Cancers
Plants growth stops
So many other effects
But ozone layer getting depleted by
CFC s
Cfc means
Chloro flouro carbons
They can destroy and deplete ozone layer
Cfcs are liberated by
Aerosols
Rocket and jet engines
Refrgirants
Sprays
In 1986
UNEP
Conference
They came to conclusion that
CFC s should be freezed all over the world
After stopping usage of cfcs ozone layer formation took place
And now it is at convenient levels
UNEP
Means
United nations organisation
Ozone layer is formed
When oxygen molecule splits into oxygen atoms
Each oxygen atoms again combining with oxygen molecule
O2------- O + O
O + O2 --------- O3
22.methods of disposal of wastes
A.recyling and reuse
B.landfills
C.burning if wastes
23.Decomposers
Organisms which decay and decompose dead and decaying matter are called decomposers
Examples
Bacteria and fungi
They occupy highest position in food chain
They decay dead matter
If dead and decaying matter accumulates
They decay and liberate
Poisonous gases
Which are very toxic and dangerous
So decomposers
Cleans the environment
Environment definitions
Environment lesson only definitions
1.ecosysstem
Place where biotic and biotic factors interact with each other
2 food chain
Interdependabmnce if various organism with each other in ecosystem
3.food web
Interlinked food chains are called food web
5.trophic level
Energy present at each level of food chain is called trophic level
6.ten percent law
Transfer of 10% of energy at each level of food chain is called ten percent law
7.biomagnification or bioaccumulation
Accumulation of harmful substances in food chain is called bio magnification
8.decomposers
Organisms which decay and decompose dead and decaying organisms are called decomposers
9.producers
Plants are called producers as they produce energy by photosynthesis to entire ecosystem
10.herbivores
Organisms which fees only on plants
Eg .cow,goat,deer,elephant
11.omnivores
Orgnaisms which feed both on plants and animals are called omnivore
Eg.humans,cockraoch
