Is matter around us pure 9th cbse notes and video links

Is matter around us is pure

Definition

Solution is homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent

properties.of solution

1.solution is homogeneous
2.smaller then 1nm
3.cannit be seen with naked eye
4.dont scatter light
5.path of light is not visible
6.solute particles cannot be filtered
7.they do not settle down also

Examples
1.sugar water
2.salt water brine
3.lemon juice
3.aerated drinks
4.air

Solution has
Solute which is less
Solvent which is more im quantity

Types of solutions
1.satutated
Correct amount of solute is present

2.unsatitayed solution
Less amount of solute is present

3.super saturated solution
More amount of solute is present
More caan be mixed by heating solution.
But when cooled
All the extra solute sites down

Concentration of solution
1.mass by mass percentage
Mass of solute ×100/mass of solution

2.mass by volume percentage
Mass of solute x100/volume of solution

3.molarity
Moles of solute/volume of solution in lts

4.solubilty
Mass of solulute x100 /mass of solvent

Numericals to practice

1.0.5 g of salt is dissolved in 25 g of water. Calculate the percentage amount of the salt in the solution.

2.A solution of urea in water contains 16 grams of it in 120 grams of solution. Find out the mass percentage of the solution
.
3.A solution has been prepared by mixing 5.6 mL of alcohol with 75 mL of water. Calculate the percentage (by volume) of alcohol in the solution.

.mass by mass numericals

1.A solution contains 50gms of sugar in 350 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

2.a solution is prepared by mixing 15gms of NaCl in 200 gms of water find mass by mass percentage of NaCl in solution

3.65 gms of glucose mixed in 435 gms of wqter .calculate mass by mass percentage

4.how much water should be added to get 15gms of salt to get 15% solution

5.sugar syrup of .ass 214.2 g has 34.2 gms of sugar .calculate concentration of sugar in syrup

6.36 gms of NaCl is mixed in 100gms of water .find concentration. Of NaCl

7.how much water should be mixed with 12 ml of alcohol so as to obtain 12% of alcohol solution

8.what mass of potassium nitrates is needed to produce 40% saturated solution of potassium nitrates mixed in 200 gms of water

9.what mass of water is needed to produce 20 % of saturated solution of 50gms of sugar

10.what mass of salt is needed to produce saturated solution of 30% salt solution of 120 gms of water.

11.A solution contains 60gms of sugar in 360 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

12.A solution contains 70gms of salt in 280gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

13.A solution contains 80gms of baking soda in 400 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

14.A solution contains 90gms of lime in 340 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

15.A solution contains 10gms of starch in 240 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

16.A solution contains 20gms of sugar in 380gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

17.A solution contains 30gms of saltr in 370 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

18.A solution contains 40gms of na2co3 in 560gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

19.A solution contains 50gms of kno3 in 150gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

20.A solution contains 60gms of caso4 in 740 gms of water .find mass by mass percentage of solution

Volume by volume percentage

1.10 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 90 ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

2..20 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 180 ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

3..30 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 270ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

4..40ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 360ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

5..50 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 450 ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

6..60ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 540 ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

7..70 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 630 ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

8..80 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 720ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

9..90ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 810ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

10..100 ml of h2so4 is dissolved in 200ml of water .calculate concentration of h2so4 in water

Solubility numericals

1.find solubility of 20 gms of salt mixed in 80 gms of water

2..find solubility of 30 gms of salt mixed in 70 gms of water

3..find solubility of 40 gms of salt mixed in 160gms of water

4..find solubility of 50 gms of salt mixed in 350 gms of water

5..find solubility of 25gms of salt mixed in 250gms of water

6..find solubility of 35 gms of salt mixed in 865gms of water

7..find solubility of 20 gms of salt mixed in 180 gms of water

8..find solubility of 30 gms of salt mixed in 520gms of water

9..find solubility of 20 gms of salt mixed in 430 gms of water

10..find solubility of 90 gms of salt mixed in 610 gms of water

Solutions

1..find molarity of NaOH present in 90gms
In 500ml solution

2.find number of molarity of
132 gms of CO2 in 200 ml of solution
68 gms of NH3 in 250 ml of solution
72 gms of H2O in 500 ml
252 gms of HNO3 in 750 ml
24.5 gms of H2SO4 in 1500 ml
196 gms of H3P04 in 2000 ml
45 gms of C6H12O6 in 5000 ml
684 gms of C12H22O11 in 200 ml
92 gms if C2H5OH in 250 ml
15Gms of CH3COOH in 500 ml
171 gms of AL2(SO4)3 in 400 ml
148 gms of NAHCO3 in 2000 ml
229 gms of KCLO3 in 200 ml
284gms of NA2SO4 in 250 ml
39 gms of AL(OH)3 in 500 ml
1590 gms of (NH4)3PO4 in 1000 ml
312 gms of AL2O3 in 200 ml
288gms of NaALO2 in 250 ml
97 gms of H2S208 in 500 ml
229 gms of KClO3 in 100 ml
292.5 gms of NaCl in 200 ml
4gms of So2 in 250 ml
96 gms o f CH4 in 500 ml
210gms of C2H6 in 750 ml
39 gms of C6H6 in 2000 ml
51gms of Na3AlF6 in 500 ml
370gms of Ca(OH)2 in 2000 ml
530 gms of Na2Co3 in 250 ml
610 gms of MgSo4 in 100ml
150gms of Mg3N2 in 1000ml
1310 gms of Mg3(Po4)2 in 200 ml
71 gms of P2O5 in 500ml
47.5 gms of MgCl2 in 1500 ml

Suspension

A suspension is heterogenous mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended through out the bulk of the medium

It is non homogeneous

Solids are dispersed in liquids

Properties of suspensions

1.They are heterogenous

2.particles can be seen with naked eye

3.they scatter light

4.particles get suspended when left undisturbed

5.they can be separated by filtration

Examples of Suspension

Muddy water.

Milk of magnesia.

Sand particles suspended in water.

Flour in water.

Slaked lime for whitewashing.

Paints in which dyes are suspended in turpentine oil.

Paint (Use of suspension)

Mud or muddy water, is where soil, clay, or silt particles are suspended in water.

Flour suspended in water.

Fog water suspended in air.

Chalk powder suspended in water.

Dust particles suspended in air.


Colloids

Particles of colloid are uniformly spread

They are smaller then suspension particles

Due to smaller size if particles

It appears to be homogenous

But actually they are heterogenous

We cannt see with naked eye

Pqrticles scattered light

Effe r is called Tyndall effect

Tyndall effect examples

Fine hole light coming

Fog

Dark qcnopy of forest

Mist in the forest also sxatter light

Properties

Heterogenous

Particles are not big

So don't settle down

But can scatter light

Can't see with naked eye

Can't be separated by filtration

The components of colloid s
Are dispersed phase
Dispersion medium

Solute =dispersed aprticles
Solvent= dispersing medium

Types of colloids

Aerosols
Phase liquid
Medium gas
Egs fog,cloud,mist

Aerosol
Phase solid
Medium gas
Egs.smoke ,automobile exhaust

Foam
Gas in liquid
Shaving cream

Emulsion
Liquid in liquid
Milk and face cream

Sol
Solid in liquid
Milk of magnesia and mud

Foam
Gas in solid
Foam,rubber,sponge,pumice

Gel
Liquid in solid
Jelly cheese butter

Solid sol
Solid in solid
Colured gem stone ,milky glass

Separation of mixtures

1.evoparation

This method is used to separate solute from solvent

Like eg.
Salt from sea water
Ink dyes from ink
Etc

Sea water is subjected to heat in sunlight
Water gets evaporated
Leaving behind salt

Ink is put in watch glass
Mix some water
Heat it
Water gets evaporated leaving
Behind ink dye

Blue Copper suplate becomes white as it looses water of crystallization on heating by evaporation

Drying any food item is also a method of evoparation in sunlight

https://youtu.be/FQLJpmmj3V8

Centrifugation

This is used to separate insoluble materials from liquid

The principle is denser particles are forced to bottom and lighter particles stay at top
When spun rapidly

Eg
In Washing machine to squeeze water from wet clothes

Cream from milk

In diagnostic labs for blood and urine samples

https://youtu.be/3Gz7tAjUOlA

Separating funnel

To separate mixture of two immiscile liquids

The principle is immiscibel liquids separate out in layers depending on their densities

https://youtu.be/ex6IOX7OXOY

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Golgi apparatus

First described by Golgi

It is a system of membrane bound veicles arranged parallel to each other in stacks called cisterns

Draw small figures which i showed in video

They are often connected to endoplqmisc reticulated

They pack,store,modify,dispatch various material formed in cell

To inside and outside of cell

Functions are
Storing materials
Packaging
Modifying
Dispatching
Sometimes making lysosomes
Some times convers simple sugars to complex sugars
Like glucose to starch

Video link

https://youtu.be/tF85FTqWSPg

Lysosomes

Lysosome are membrane bound cell organlees filled with powerful digestive enzymes

These enzymes are made in rough endoplasmic reticulum

They are so powerful that they can break even complex organic matter

Lysosmes are waste disposal of cell and makes the cell clean

They engulf foreign materials,bacteria,food,worn out cells

When cell is about to die

Lysosomes burst and digest its own cell also

That why lysosoems are called suicidal bags of cell

Pls draw simple figure


Vacuoles

Vacuoles are storage sacs of cell

Animals they are small
Plants they are big

Vacuoles are filled with cell sap

Gives turgidity and rigidity shape and structure to cell

They store some important substances like
Amino acids
Sugars
Protiens
Orgqnic acids

In single cell organisms
Vacuoles help  in osmo regulation

Osmoregulqtion means maintainence of water and salt levels in body

Draw figure must

Mitochondria
1.mitochondriq is called power house of cell

2.because it produces energy in the foem of ATP

3.ATP is called energy currency of cell

4.ATP is adenosine tri phosphate

5.ATP id used for doing metabolic activities

6.it has 2 membranes

7.outside layer is porous

8.inner layer is folded

9.folds increases surface area of production of ATP

10.mitochondria has its own DNA and its own ribosome

11.pls draw diagram whether asked or not see in video

Plastids

1.plastids are present only in paint cell

2.palstids are of 2 types
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts

3.chromoplqsts are colored plastics

4.lecoplasts are colorless or white plastics

5.leucoplasts stores amino acids, protiens etc

6.chloroplast is type of plastid green in color

7.green colour is due to chlorophyll pigment

8.pigment has capacity to trap sunlight

9.trapping sunlight prepare glucose by photosynthesis

10.during photosynthesis co2 is absorbed and prepares glucose which converts to carbohydrates

11.chloroplast also have its own DNA and ribosome

12.pls draw diagram whether asked or not

Endiplasmic reticulum

1.endoplasmic reticulum is network of membrane bound sheets

2.they are round ,tubular,vehicular

3.they are having same composition as of plasma membrane

4.there are 2 types of endopqlmic rer they are rough and smooth

5.rough endoplamic reticulm is rough because ribosome are attached to it

6. As they have ribosome rer helps in making protiens

7.and these protiens goes to all parts using endo reti

8.smooth are smooth as they don't have anything attached to it

9.they help in preparation of lipids or fats

10 these lipids and proteins of rer both used in making cell membrane

11.and process is called membrane biogenesis

12.ser also often helps in detoxification in liver

13.on whole
Er functions are
Transport
Network
Frame work
Membrane biogenesis
Metabolic activities
Harmones syntheais
Enzymes synthesis
And so on

14.try to draw figures as explained in video

15.video link

https://youtu.be/wCiGkP-Jfbc

Nucleus

1.nucleus has double membrane porous layer

2.inside nucleus has nucleoplasm

3.chromatin reticulum entangled network is present

4.when cell is about to divide chro.qtin changes to chromosomes

5.chromosmes have DNA in it

6.DNA has genes in it

7.genes are units of inheritance

8.genes help in transferring character from parents to offspring

9.all the metabolic activities are under control of nucleus

10.in prokaryots nuclear wall is absent

11.all contents of nucleus are freely. Floating in cell

12.the nucleus of prokarypts are called as nucleoids

13.pls draw figure to explain as I did in video

14.video link

https://youtu.be/W5qGjsVUzPE

CELL WALL

1.plant cells only have cell wall

2.cell wall is made of cellulose

3.cellulose is complex carbohydrate which gives mechanical strength and support to plant

4.loosing water and shrinking of cell is called palsmolysis

5.gaining water and bulging is called turgidity

6.cell wall protects cell during turgidd conditions from bursting

7.so plant cell resists more than animal cell as they don't have cell wall

Plasma membrane 

1.plama membrane is selectively permeable

2.made of lipids proteins

3.endoplamic reticulum helps in synthesis of plasma membrane 

4.process if it's formation is called membrane biogenesis 

5.plamam membrane is common in animal and plant cells.

6.inside plasma membrane pritoplasm is present

Video link of this 

https://youtu.be/YF2JPPW0lEI

NATURAL RESOURCES 9TH CBSE NOTES

Natural resources 9th cbse

Earth is the only planet life sustains

Because earth has some important resources

Like light ,air,water,land

All living organisms depends on air light ,water

Portion of land on earth is called lithosphere

Portion of earth where water is present is called hydrosphere

Blanket of air covering earth is called atmosphere

The 3 life sustaining zones lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere is called biosphere

Biosphere has so many ecosystems

Ecosystem is place where biotic and abiotic factors interact with each other

Biotic components are plants animals and microorganisms

Abiotic components are air water land light etc

AIR

Air is mixture of gases

Gases in air are major nitrogen78% then oxygen21%

Remaining all are less then 1 percent

Where as in Venus and Mars 95%co2 is present

On earth it is very less because of plants absorb co2 and prepare glucose

Even marine animals consume co2 and prepare their shells

Lofe forms have mkdifies percentages of games in air

Air is insulator

Means bad conductor of heat

So air acts as a blanket on earth and maintains earth temperature steadily

In winter we use blankets because blankets have tiny pores which trap air and acts as a insulator making us feel cozy

As outer air come come inside and inside can't go outside so heat is trapped inside blanket ans we feel warm and cozy in winter with blanket

ATMOSPHERE IN CLIMATE CONTROL

Atmosphere act as blanket and maintains globe temperature

As sun rays fall on earth most of them reflect back

Atmosphere allows some rays to go back and some do not

That is how our earth temperature is regulated

But if pollution increases. Somehow co2 level increase and may trap more heat resulting on global warming that we will study later

Best example of atmosphere controlling temperature is land and sea breeze

Sea breeze

Day time land will become hot

Hot air rises up

Air from sea moves to land

It is called sea breeze

Thats why it will be very sultry and more humidity in coastal areas

Full day they sweat

Land breeze

Water has GREATER HEATING CAPACITY

Means it takes long time for heating or cooling water

By evening wqter becomes hot

Now air on water rises up

Air from land moves towards sea

This is called land breeze

So water takes long time to heat up or become cold as it has greater heating capacity

14.1 activity
Heat sand and water keeping in sunlight and put thermometer
After one hour nite down there temperatures
It will show that sand is more hot then water
Showing that water takes long time to get heated up
Because it has greater heating capacity

14.3 activity
See any smoke or fire
You will see it always goes up
Its because hot air blows up
As on heating
Molecules go far
It becomes lighter
Hence moves up
By conventional current

Movement of air winds

Water vapor is formed due to heating of water bodies

And also due to activities of living organisms

Atmosphere also gets heated up due to radiation of reflected rays

After heating conevctionl air is set up in the air

Always hot air moves up we saw in q4.2 activity

Similarly hot air above land and air rrises up

But land gets heated up faster then wqter

So in coastal areas morning we will see sea breeze

At night we see land breeze

Movement of air is called wind

Movement of wind occurs due to difference in heating of land by sun.

Apart from difference in heating other factors also effect movement of winds

Like
Rotation of earth
Presence of mountains
Eg of Himalayas

RAIN
14.3 activity
When air with very high content of water vapor moves from high pressure reguon to low pressure region or vivmce versa

Water gets heated during day

Lot of water gets converted to water vapor

Water vapor goes into air

Some other vapor is collected due to activities of living organisms

This air also get heated up

Hot air rises up with water vapor

As air rises it expands and cool down

On cooling water vapor becomes into droplets

This water drop will surround some dust or some other particles

Which form as nucleus like dust

Once water droplets are formed

They keep growing by condensation

When they grow heavy and big

They fall down as rain

When the temperature of air is low enough
Precipitation or snow fall may also occur

Rainfall patterns are decided by prevailing wind patterns

In India we may get rains by south west or north east monsoons

We also heard that depression in bay if Bengal

AIR POLLUTION

Fossil fuels contain small amounts of nitrogen and sulphur in them

When they are burnt there oxides enter into atmospheres

And they amy also react with rain and fall on earth as acid rain

When we inhale them also they are dangerous

Fossil fuel burning not only liberates this nitrogen and oxygen they also liberate suspended particles in air

Like carbon unburnt particles ask is formed in air

High levels of there hydrocarbons in air is very dangerous

Visibility decreases and even in cold countries fog smog may form

Accidents may also occur

Regular breathing of this polluted air may increase allergies. Cancer and skin diseases

So
Increase in harmful content in the air is called as air pollution

Increase in air pollution. In atmosphere leads to acid rains and allergies

Even carbon monoxide is also dangerous

As it enter into brain reacting with haemoglobin

Water
Water is present 78 % on land underground also present ,glaciers and even in our bodies

Even some water is in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere

Even though 78 percent is there most of the water is in ocenas and seas which is saline marine and salt water

Fresh water is only present in glaciers,underground and in rivers,lakes and ponds

Availability of fresh wqter differes from place to place

In summers we face acute shortage of water

Especially in rural areas it is rampant

All reactions in all living organisms occur in water medium only

Even transportation and blood all are main composition is wter

So to stay alive water is very important

Terrestrial organisms need fresh water to survive

Because marine water has more salt which we cannot get rid of our body

More the availability of life form more will be the biodiversity in that area

Apart from water which decides life forem
Sunlight
Temeperature
Soil conditions
All decide life

Water pollution

All the pesticides and fertilizers mix with rain water and drain into nearby ponds and lakes

Even sewage is liberated into ponds and lakes

Industrial wastes are dumped and some industries also put how stuff into water to cool it

When water is released from dams cool water water from dams fall into river which is hot at surface

All this temperature fluctuations effect the marine and aquatic life

So this type of addition may effect some life forms and benefit other and thus balance between living forms will be lost

So the contributing factors for wqter pollution is

1.adding undesirable substance effect water
Like mercury enter from paper industries
Some bacteria many cause cholera

2.execsive growth of algae may deplete levels of oxygen causing biological oxygen demand

3.temeparture changes may effect karvas and eggs of organisms

Soil
Mineral riches in the soil

Soil decides the diversity if life in that area

Soil is a part of earths crust which also supplies variety of minerals to living things

From soil only we can take minerals not from rocks

How soil is formed
By weathering of rocks

Huge rocks break and make soil over a period of time

Breaking of rocks factors involved are
Sun
Water
Wind
Living organisms

Sun

Day time rocks expand due to heat
Nights they cool down due to cold
Due to continuation expansion and contraction
Uneven surface and uneven expansion and contraction
Results in cracks in huge rocks
Which eventually breaks up into smaller peices

Water
Wqter settles in between cracks
Freezes
On freezing all substance expand
So continuos contraction and expansion results in widening of cracks

Or

Water flowing causes abrasion
Some rocks break and flow with water
They in turn cause abrasion to another rocks
Which slowly helps in formation of soil

Wind
Wind also erodes rocks
Make them move
Cause abrasion
Resulting in further breaking
Even wind takes soil from from one place to other also like water

Living organisms
Living organisms also influence formation of soil
Lichens grow on rocks
Lichen is symbiotic association of algae and fungi
They release certain chemicals
Which make rocks to break
And form thin layer of soil
Now on small peices mosses will grow
Which breaks them further
Also some time roots of trees Penetrqte into rocks
And makes them to break

Compisition of soul

Soil consists of smaller peices of rock
Bits of decayed living organisms called humus
Microscopic life
Minerals

Type of soil is decided by size of soil particles
Quality if soil is decided by
amount of humus
And
Microscopic life

Humus is major factor in deciding
Soil structure
Because
It makes soil to become more porous
Allows water
Allows air to Pentwater deep

Factors on which plants depend

Minerals depend on rocks from which it is formed
Nutrient content of soil
Amount of humus
Depth of soil

Quality of top soil decides the biodiversity of that particular area

Modern farming techniques
Have resulted in
Excessive use of fertilizers
Pesticides
Insecticides
Which are destroying quality of soil
And killing microorganisms in soil

Microorganusms only recuse nutrients in soil
Earthworms also play major role

Soil pollution is caused
By death of microorganisms
Death of earth worms
Adding undesirable substances
Not following sustainable management
Depletion of desirable substances

Soil we are seeing today is created at some other place
Resulting in soil erosion
By flowing wqter
Overgrazong
Winds
Deforestation
Urbanization
Vegetative covering is important
In deciding soil erosion
Plants bind the soil

Water cycles

We learned earlier water evaporates

And then condenses to form rain

The whole process in which water evaporates
Form water vapor
Condenses to form rain
On the ground
Returning back
Is called as water cycle

We never see sea or ocean drying up

Its because of water cycle

Rain water won't return back so easily

Some of them percolate into ground

We may bring them up using tube well or bore

Other forms springs or glaciers

Some water is used by plants and animals

In different ways all the water again return back

Wtaer when returning brings so many minerals

Which will be used up eventually by marine organisms
Or enter into animals or humans when we drink

This is how complex is biogeochemical cycle water cycle is

Pls draw diagram given on text book
Always good diagram only shows
That u understood the subject

Nitrogen cycle

Nitorgen is present 78 %in atmosphere

Nitrogen also important constituent if many essential molecules like DNA rns vitamins mainly proteins
Alkaloid urea also

Nitrugen is very important but these organisms can't use them directly

Except few bacteria none of the organisms can use them directly

These bacteria are rhizobium bacteria which live in root nodules of legumes pulses plants

Other then this bacterial remaining all organisms get their nitrogen in different ways

During lightning and thunderstorms
Nitrogen in atmosphere reacts with oxygen and forms nitrogen dioxide

They react with water and fall on ground as acid rain
N2 + O2 gives N2O3 or N2O5
N2O3 or N2O5 with water forms HNO3 or HNO2
And fall on ground as acid rain

These rae then utilized by various life forms

Plants take nitrates or nitrites and convert them into amino acids

Amino acids form proteins

When animals eat these plants or animals which eat them
That amino acids enter into their bodies

Once this animal or plant dies the amino acids in them are converted back into nitrites or nitrates

Then different types of bacteria convert it back into elemental bacteria

Thus nitrogen enters back into atmosphere

So whole process can be easily studies as

Nitorgen fixation
Done by lighting and acid rain
Or symbiotic bacteria like
Rhizobium or azatobacter

Nitrification

Ammonia is coverted to nitrites or nitrates by nitrifying bacteria
Like
Nitrosomonas ,nitrococcus

Ammonifying bacteria

After plants and and animals die
Nitrites or nitrates are converted to ammonia by ammonifying bacteria
Eg.
Bacillus bacteria

Denitrification
Denitrifyring bacteria converts ammonia to nitrogen
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
And also some fungus also does this

Carbon cycle

Carbon is constituent of all organic matter on the earth

In diamonds graphite coal coke it is found in elemental form

In co2 co carbonates bicarbonate its in compound form

All life forms are based on proteins carbohydrates fats nucleic acids and vitamins

[ ] The endoskeletom and exoskeleton of many life forms also formed from caco3

Carbon is coming mainly from plants which are taking co2 in photosynthesis

Then co2 is concerted to carbohydrates

Then glucose is used for various other metabolic activities

Then glucose is used in respiration and in respiration oxygen is liberated into atmosphere

Then oxygen is used in respiration and co2 is liberated back into atmosphere

Co2 also comes from various methods like combustion.vehicles heating etc

Green house effect

Its same like heat is trapped in glass

Suppose u put ur car in hot sunny day .once you get into car it will be very hot.

Its because glass trap.

How it traps means
Light goes inside
Looses its velocity
Cannot come out
Trapped inside
So becomes hot

In the same way it co2 level in atmosphere increases it causes green house effect

Results in global warming

Some of the gree house gases are co2 and ch4 methane

Which if increases in atmosphere

Results in trapping of sunlight such effect is called green house effect

Oxygen cycle

After. Nitrogen

Oxygen is 21 % in atmosphere

In air oxygen is also int the form of co2 and on earth in various compounds its present

Elemental oxygen from atmosphere is taken in 3 cases
Combustion
Respiration
Nitrogen oxides formation

But oxygen returns only in the form of photosynthesis

Ozone layer

Oxugen is present as o2 in the atmosphere

Oxygen combines to form ozone during lighting and thunderstorms

Even though its poisonous gas

It prevents reaching of us rays to earth

But cfc chloro flouri carbon can deplete ozone layer

So avoiding using of cfcs are taken seriously

Because if ozone depletes it make up rays reach earth

Which is very dangerous

May cause skin cancer.crops cannot go and even dangerous for every life form

Cfcs are mainly released from aerosols.rocket fuels.sparays .perfumes.jet planes

All these usage are banned with declaration of UNEP in 1986

Which proposed immediate freezing of cfs all over the world

For the sake of mankind