Saturday 19 September 2020
Thursday 17 September 2020
excretory system notes with video links by aiimiit
1.excretory system in human beings are as fallows
Pair of kidneys
Large intestine
Skin
Nose
Mouth
Ear
Eyes
2.coming to kidneys the parts of kidneys are
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
3.kidneys
Pair if kidneys are present
Kidneys are filled with millions of nephron
Nephron is structural and functional units of kidneys
Kidneys main functions are as fallows
A.Urine formation
And
B.Osmo regulation(maintainence of salt and water balance into the body)
4.NEPHRON
Structural and functional unit of kidneys is nephron
Nephron helps in urine formation
5.urine formation
Urine formation takes place in 3 stages
A.ultrafiltration
B.selective reabsorption
C.tubular secretion
A.ultrafiltration
Since blood flow under high pressure in arteioles
Some blood gets filtered into bowman's capsule
Because they unable to withstand high pressure
This filtration of blood into bowman's capsule under high pressure is called ultrafiltartion
B.selective reabsorption
Blood when passing through descending tubules,henlees loop,ascending tubules
All the blood which got filtered is reabsorbed back
Leaving behind all wastes like amino acids,urea,uric acid
All these wastes slowly gets settled in tubules
C.tubular secretion
All wastes gets settled in tubules
That is called tubular secretion
All tubules of all neprons slowly drain drop by drop into ureters
Through ureters it enter into bladder
When 250 to 300 ML of urine is accumulated in bladder
We get sensation to pass urine
Passing out of urine is called micturition
Formation of urine occurs in kidneys
Pair of kidneys
Large intestine
Skin
Nose
Mouth
Ear
Eyes
2.coming to kidneys the parts of kidneys are
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
3.kidneys
Pair if kidneys are present
Kidneys are filled with millions of nephron
Nephron is structural and functional units of kidneys
Kidneys main functions are as fallows
A.Urine formation
And
B.Osmo regulation(maintainence of salt and water balance into the body)
4.NEPHRON
Structural and functional unit of kidneys is nephron
Nephron helps in urine formation
5.urine formation
Urine formation takes place in 3 stages
A.ultrafiltration
B.selective reabsorption
C.tubular secretion
A.ultrafiltration
Since blood flow under high pressure in arteioles
Some blood gets filtered into bowman's capsule
Because they unable to withstand high pressure
This filtration of blood into bowman's capsule under high pressure is called ultrafiltartion
B.selective reabsorption
Blood when passing through descending tubules,henlees loop,ascending tubules
All the blood which got filtered is reabsorbed back
Leaving behind all wastes like amino acids,urea,uric acid
All these wastes slowly gets settled in tubules
C.tubular secretion
All wastes gets settled in tubules
That is called tubular secretion
All tubules of all neprons slowly drain drop by drop into ureters
Through ureters it enter into bladder
When 250 to 300 ML of urine is accumulated in bladder
We get sensation to pass urine
Passing out of urine is called micturition
Formation of urine occurs in kidneys
Tuesday 15 September 2020
photosynthesis notes for 1010th class by AIIMIIT
Photo=light
Synthesis=prepare
Process where plants use sunlight ,co2 and h20 to prepare glucose and liberate oxygen.
Raw materials needed for photosynthesis
Are
Co2
H20
Sunlight
Co2 + h20 •••••••> c6h12o6 + h2o + o2
Mains steps of photosynthesis are as fallows
1.plants trap sunlight
2.sunlight aplts water to protons ,oxygen gas and electrons(photolysis of water)
3.co2 is absorbed and converted to complex carbohydrates like glucose
4.glucose converted to starch and passed through poem to all parts of plant
Important points to be noted
oxygen during photosynthesis comes from h2o not co2 (remember)
Photosynthesis has mainly 2 steps
1.light reaction (occurs in sunlight)
2.dark reaction (occurs after sunlight
It does not mean in the dark)
1.light reaction
Plants trap sunlight
Chlorophyll a and b get excited
Liberates electrons
Electrons of chlor a passes through various electron acceptors
Like cytochrome,ferridoxin, etc
Due to energy difference ATP,NADP are prepared
Then that electron goes to chlo b and gets it to ground state
To get back chlo a to ground state
Water splits in presence of light
Into hydrogen ions,o2 gas ,and electrons
Electrons get back chlo a to ground state
O2 gas enters atmosphere
Hydrogen ions make NADP TO NADPH2
Now ATP and NADPH2 enters dark reaction
2.DARK REACTION
Co2 is absorbed by RUBP
(Ribulose 1 5 biphosphate)
PGA reacts with ATP and forms PGAL
PGAL reacts with NADPH2 to form glecreol dehyde 3 phosphate
After series of reaction
Glucose is formed
Converts to starch
Transported to all parts by phloem
It is called translocation
Synthesis=prepare
Process where plants use sunlight ,co2 and h20 to prepare glucose and liberate oxygen.
Raw materials needed for photosynthesis
Are
Co2
H20
Sunlight
Co2 + h20 •••••••> c6h12o6 + h2o + o2
Mains steps of photosynthesis are as fallows
1.plants trap sunlight
2.sunlight aplts water to protons ,oxygen gas and electrons(photolysis of water)
3.co2 is absorbed and converted to complex carbohydrates like glucose
4.glucose converted to starch and passed through poem to all parts of plant
Important points to be noted
oxygen during photosynthesis comes from h2o not co2 (remember)
Photosynthesis has mainly 2 steps
1.light reaction (occurs in sunlight)
2.dark reaction (occurs after sunlight
It does not mean in the dark)
1.light reaction
Plants trap sunlight
Chlorophyll a and b get excited
Liberates electrons
Electrons of chlor a passes through various electron acceptors
Like cytochrome,ferridoxin, etc
Due to energy difference ATP,NADP are prepared
Then that electron goes to chlo b and gets it to ground state
To get back chlo a to ground state
Water splits in presence of light
Into hydrogen ions,o2 gas ,and electrons
Electrons get back chlo a to ground state
O2 gas enters atmosphere
Hydrogen ions make NADP TO NADPH2
Now ATP and NADPH2 enters dark reaction
2.DARK REACTION
Co2 is absorbed by RUBP
(Ribulose 1 5 biphosphate)
PGA reacts with ATP and forms PGAL
PGAL reacts with NADPH2 to form glecreol dehyde 3 phosphate
After series of reaction
Glucose is formed
Converts to starch
Transported to all parts by phloem
It is called translocation
life process 10th cbse videos with notes in description by aiimiit
1.digestive system explanation video
https://youtu.be/TEhEAkH6dYE
2.easy method to draw digestive system
https://youtu.be/29nYBjTZZTQ
3.respiration in humans
https://youtu.be/I-yJtGOVgw0
4.circulatory system in humans
https://youtu.be/8M8nExdtdMY
5.easy method to draw heart
https://youtu.be/IWW39ds2eKk
6.easy methods to draw nephron
https://youtu.be/SE6VSI2Lozs
7.excretory system
https://youtu.be/noWoULdwYXI
8.cross section of leaf
https://youtu.be/5V1DTmbLt4E
9.opening and closing of stomata
https://youtu.be/1T6LPhtl_zc
10.Translocation
https://youtu.be/1T6LPhtl_zc
11.Ascent of SAP
https://youtu.be/mGTYeaiXgGg
12.Photosynthesis
https://youtu.be/yPMmWKoet_s
Monday 14 September 2020
circulatory system notes with video link by aiimiit
Circulatory system notes
Circulatory system consists of
1.blood
2.blood vessels
3.heart
1.Blood
Blood is fluid connective tissue
Blood has many functions
Like
A.transportation of gases
B.giving immunity to body
C.tranport of digested food to all cells of body
D.transport of excretory material
E.temperatire regulation
F.transport of harmones
And so on
2.blood vessels
The 3 blood vessels are
arteries
Beins
And capillaries
Arteries
A.they carry oxygenated blood always
B.except pulmonary artery
C.they have thick walls to withstand pressure exerted by flowing blood
D.they dont have valves
As already blood is under high pressure
Wont flow back
E.they are deep seated
Vein
A.they carry deoxygenated blood
B.except pulmonary vein
C.they have thin walls
D.they have valves to prevent backward flow of blood
E.they are siperficial
Capillaries
A.they are single celled thickness
B.after artery enters into organs it divides into many capillaries
C.each capillary enters into each cell
D.then all capillaries after entering each cellsupplies blood
E.again all capillaries come out and form into vein
F.this division of capillaries and again joining is called PORTAL SYSTEM
HEART
1.heart is size of our fist
2.main pumping organ in our body
3.it has 4 chambers
4.upper chambers are called auricle or atrium(right and left atria)
5.lower chambers are called ventricles
(Right and left ventricles)
6.atria are separated by inter aurucular septum
7.ventricles are separated by inter ventricular septum
8.atria and ventricles are separated by auriculo ventricular septum
9.between right atrium and right ventricle TRICUSPID VALVE is present
10.between left atria and left ventricle BICUSPID OR MITRAL VALVE is present
11.valves allow unidirectional flow of blood and prevents back flow
12.aother valves are semi lunar valves present at junction off pulmonary artery and at junction of aorta
13.pace make is present in heart which initiates heart beat in right atrium and I called as SINO ATRIAL NODE(AV NODE,PRKINGEE FIBRES,BUNDLIE OF HIS)
all take up function of heart beat
14.Coronary artery is blood vessel which supplies blood to heart
15.ventricles have thick walls because
They have to pump blood with high pressure
16.the covering of heart is called PERICARDIUM
17.in between 3 layers of heart walls there is pericardial fluid is present acts as shocking absorber
18.since heart is sensitive structure it is protected by
Ribs ,sternum bones
19.heart neat is measured by stethoscope
PUMPING OF BLOOD
1.deoxygenated blood from upper parts enter heart through superior vena cavae into right atrium
2.at the same time
Oxygenated blood from lungs comes through pulmonary vein into left atrium
3.now both deoxygenated blood in right atrium and oxygenated blood in left atrium enters respective ventricles
4.now deoxygenated blood from right atrium enters into pulmonary artery
5.oxygenated blood enters aorta
6.aorta is big artery which supplies oxygenated blood to all parts of body
7.pulmonart artery is only artery which Carrie's deoxygenated blood to lungs
8.in lungs exchange of gases takes place
9.deoxgygenated blood becomes oxygenated blood
10.one contraction and one relaxation of heart is called heart beat
11.contarction of heart is called SYSTOLE
12.relaxation of heart is called
DIASTOLE
13.one systole and one DIASTOLE is called heart beat
BLOOD PRESSURE
1.the pressure exerted by blood on blood vessels is called blood pressure
2.norml blood pressure in humans is 120/80 mm of hg
3.blood pressure is measured by
SPHYGMOMANOMETRE
4.120 is called systolic blood pressure
Pressure during systole or contraction of heart
5 .80 is diastolic blood pressure or pressure exerted during DIASTOLE or during relaxation of heart
6.systolic pressure more than 150 is called high bp
7.systolic pressure less then 100 is called low bp
8.person suffering from high bp should reduce intake of salt
Circulatory system consists of
1.blood
2.blood vessels
3.heart
1.Blood
Blood is fluid connective tissue
Blood has many functions
Like
A.transportation of gases
B.giving immunity to body
C.tranport of digested food to all cells of body
D.transport of excretory material
E.temperatire regulation
F.transport of harmones
And so on
2.blood vessels
The 3 blood vessels are
arteries
Beins
And capillaries
Arteries
A.they carry oxygenated blood always
B.except pulmonary artery
C.they have thick walls to withstand pressure exerted by flowing blood
D.they dont have valves
As already blood is under high pressure
Wont flow back
E.they are deep seated
Vein
A.they carry deoxygenated blood
B.except pulmonary vein
C.they have thin walls
D.they have valves to prevent backward flow of blood
E.they are siperficial
Capillaries
A.they are single celled thickness
B.after artery enters into organs it divides into many capillaries
C.each capillary enters into each cell
D.then all capillaries after entering each cellsupplies blood
E.again all capillaries come out and form into vein
F.this division of capillaries and again joining is called PORTAL SYSTEM
HEART
1.heart is size of our fist
2.main pumping organ in our body
3.it has 4 chambers
4.upper chambers are called auricle or atrium(right and left atria)
5.lower chambers are called ventricles
(Right and left ventricles)
6.atria are separated by inter aurucular septum
7.ventricles are separated by inter ventricular septum
8.atria and ventricles are separated by auriculo ventricular septum
9.between right atrium and right ventricle TRICUSPID VALVE is present
10.between left atria and left ventricle BICUSPID OR MITRAL VALVE is present
11.valves allow unidirectional flow of blood and prevents back flow
12.aother valves are semi lunar valves present at junction off pulmonary artery and at junction of aorta
13.pace make is present in heart which initiates heart beat in right atrium and I called as SINO ATRIAL NODE(AV NODE,PRKINGEE FIBRES,BUNDLIE OF HIS)
all take up function of heart beat
14.Coronary artery is blood vessel which supplies blood to heart
15.ventricles have thick walls because
They have to pump blood with high pressure
16.the covering of heart is called PERICARDIUM
17.in between 3 layers of heart walls there is pericardial fluid is present acts as shocking absorber
18.since heart is sensitive structure it is protected by
Ribs ,sternum bones
19.heart neat is measured by stethoscope
PUMPING OF BLOOD
1.deoxygenated blood from upper parts enter heart through superior vena cavae into right atrium
2.at the same time
Oxygenated blood from lungs comes through pulmonary vein into left atrium
3.now both deoxygenated blood in right atrium and oxygenated blood in left atrium enters respective ventricles
4.now deoxygenated blood from right atrium enters into pulmonary artery
5.oxygenated blood enters aorta
6.aorta is big artery which supplies oxygenated blood to all parts of body
7.pulmonart artery is only artery which Carrie's deoxygenated blood to lungs
8.in lungs exchange of gases takes place
9.deoxgygenated blood becomes oxygenated blood
10.one contraction and one relaxation of heart is called heart beat
11.contarction of heart is called SYSTOLE
12.relaxation of heart is called
DIASTOLE
13.one systole and one DIASTOLE is called heart beat
BLOOD PRESSURE
1.the pressure exerted by blood on blood vessels is called blood pressure
2.norml blood pressure in humans is 120/80 mm of hg
3.blood pressure is measured by
SPHYGMOMANOMETRE
4.120 is called systolic blood pressure
Pressure during systole or contraction of heart
5 .80 is diastolic blood pressure or pressure exerted during DIASTOLE or during relaxation of heart
6.systolic pressure more than 150 is called high bp
7.systolic pressure less then 100 is called low bp
8.person suffering from high bp should reduce intake of salt
respiration notes with video link by aiimiit
Respiratory system
https://youtu.be/I-yJtGOVgw0
The different parts of respiratory system are
1.nasal cavity
2.pharynx
3.lartnx
4.trachea
5.bronchi
6.bronchiole
7.alveoli
8.lungs
1.nasal cavity
Space in the nose is called nasal cavity
Nasal cavity has
Hair and
Mucous membrane
Hair prevents dust particles entering when breathing air
Mucous membrane makes air warm
Because lungs cant bear cold air
2.pharnx
It is common passage for air and food
3.larynx
It is also called voice box
It has vocal chords
They vibrate to produce sound
Opening of larynx is called GLOTTIS
Covering of glottis is called EPIGLOTTIS
4.Trachea
Trachea is called wind pipe
Trachea is protected by C shaped cartilaginous rings
Which prevents collapse of trachea
5.Bronchi
Trachea divides into 2 bronchi
Each bronchi enters into each lung
Bronchi also have c shaped rings
6.Bronchioles
Each bronchi divides into several bronchioles
Each bronchioles enters into one alveoli
7.Lungs
Lungs are filled with millions of alveoli
The structural and functional units of lungs are alveoli
Covering of lungs is called pleura
Lungs rest on diaphragm
Since lungs are sensitive they are protected by
Sternum bone in front
Ribs bones on sides
Vertebral column in back
8.Alveolii
The structural and functional units of lungs are called alveoli
Alveoli helps in exchange of gases
They take oxygen from air we breathe
And gives to blood
Blood gives oxygen to all cells of body
In each cell food is oxidized by oxygen and liberated energy
Respiration is exothermic process where food is oxidized and liberates energy
Energy is liberated in the form of ATP
ATP means adenosine triphosphate
1 ATP releases 7.3 kcals/mole
9.Blood plays vital role in exchange of gases
Haemoglobin in bcoz takes oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin and gives to cells
But co2 formed is not naught back by hemoglobin
Instead co2 dissolves in blood and comes back to alveoli
10.Residual volume
Lungs always have residual volume of air
Which allows proper space and time for breathing
11.BREATHING
Breathing and respiration is not same
Breathing involves inspiration and expiration
Inspiration means
Lungs expand
Ribs come forward
Diaphragm becomes flat
Space in lung increases
Pressure decreases in lungs
Outside air rushes inside
Expiration means
Lungs contract
Rib come back
Diptagm becomes dome
Space in lungs decreases
Pressure increases in lungs
Inside air rushes outside
Better write this in tabular column if asked in exam
12.alveolii has some special characters suitable for respiration
They are
A.many in number to increase surface area of respiration
B.they have extensive blood capillary network for exchange of gases
C.they have thin and porous wall for exchange of gases
D.they are microscopic and many in number
13.respiration is of 2 types
aerobic and anaerobic
Aerobic occurs in presence of air
Aerobic release more energy 38 ATP
Aerobic has both glycolysis ,Krebs cycle and electron transport
Whereas
Anaerobic occurs in absence if air
It release only 2 atp
Only glycolysis is present
Eg.bacteria ,blue green algae, yeast, muscle cells etc
14.respiration is divided into 2 steps
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport system
14.differnet organisms respiratory organs are
A.insects trachea
B.earthworm skin
C.fishes gills
D.Frogs lungs,skin and buccal cavity
E.scorpion book gills
15..fishes respire vigorously
Because
They have to take dissolved oxygen present in the blood.
They dont have free oxygen in water
https://youtu.be/I-yJtGOVgw0
The different parts of respiratory system are
1.nasal cavity
2.pharynx
3.lartnx
4.trachea
5.bronchi
6.bronchiole
7.alveoli
8.lungs
1.nasal cavity
Space in the nose is called nasal cavity
Nasal cavity has
Hair and
Mucous membrane
Hair prevents dust particles entering when breathing air
Mucous membrane makes air warm
Because lungs cant bear cold air
2.pharnx
It is common passage for air and food
3.larynx
It is also called voice box
It has vocal chords
They vibrate to produce sound
Opening of larynx is called GLOTTIS
Covering of glottis is called EPIGLOTTIS
4.Trachea
Trachea is called wind pipe
Trachea is protected by C shaped cartilaginous rings
Which prevents collapse of trachea
5.Bronchi
Trachea divides into 2 bronchi
Each bronchi enters into each lung
Bronchi also have c shaped rings
6.Bronchioles
Each bronchi divides into several bronchioles
Each bronchioles enters into one alveoli
7.Lungs
Lungs are filled with millions of alveoli
The structural and functional units of lungs are alveoli
Covering of lungs is called pleura
Lungs rest on diaphragm
Since lungs are sensitive they are protected by
Sternum bone in front
Ribs bones on sides
Vertebral column in back
8.Alveolii
The structural and functional units of lungs are called alveoli
Alveoli helps in exchange of gases
They take oxygen from air we breathe
And gives to blood
Blood gives oxygen to all cells of body
In each cell food is oxidized by oxygen and liberated energy
Respiration is exothermic process where food is oxidized and liberates energy
Energy is liberated in the form of ATP
ATP means adenosine triphosphate
1 ATP releases 7.3 kcals/mole
9.Blood plays vital role in exchange of gases
Haemoglobin in bcoz takes oxygen as oxyhaemoglobin and gives to cells
But co2 formed is not naught back by hemoglobin
Instead co2 dissolves in blood and comes back to alveoli
10.Residual volume
Lungs always have residual volume of air
Which allows proper space and time for breathing
11.BREATHING
Breathing and respiration is not same
Breathing involves inspiration and expiration
Inspiration means
Lungs expand
Ribs come forward
Diaphragm becomes flat
Space in lung increases
Pressure decreases in lungs
Outside air rushes inside
Expiration means
Lungs contract
Rib come back
Diptagm becomes dome
Space in lungs decreases
Pressure increases in lungs
Inside air rushes outside
Better write this in tabular column if asked in exam
12.alveolii has some special characters suitable for respiration
They are
A.many in number to increase surface area of respiration
B.they have extensive blood capillary network for exchange of gases
C.they have thin and porous wall for exchange of gases
D.they are microscopic and many in number
13.respiration is of 2 types
aerobic and anaerobic
Aerobic occurs in presence of air
Aerobic release more energy 38 ATP
Aerobic has both glycolysis ,Krebs cycle and electron transport
Whereas
Anaerobic occurs in absence if air
It release only 2 atp
Only glycolysis is present
Eg.bacteria ,blue green algae, yeast, muscle cells etc
14.respiration is divided into 2 steps
Glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transport system
14.differnet organisms respiratory organs are
A.insects trachea
B.earthworm skin
C.fishes gills
D.Frogs lungs,skin and buccal cavity
E.scorpion book gills
15..fishes respire vigorously
Because
They have to take dissolved oxygen present in the blood.
They dont have free oxygen in water
Thursday 10 September 2020
Digestive system notes and work sheet with video link by AIIMIIT
Video link of this notes
https://youtu.be/TEhEAkH6dYE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM NOTES
1.parts of digestive system in humans are
Buccal cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum (liver and pancreas open here)
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
2.Buccal cavity
Space inside mouth is called buccal cavity
A.consists of
tongue ,
teeth ,
salivary glands and
saliva
B.tongue
helps in swallowing,speech, and taste
Swallowing scientifically called deglutition
C.teeth
helps in mastication(chewing food)
D.salivary glands
They are 3 in number secret saliva
They are submaxillary
Sub mandibular
Parotid glands
E.saliva
Saliva has enzyme PTYALIN or salivary amylase
Salivary amylase converts cooked starch in food to maltose
Conclusion is digestion begins in buccal cavity itself with help of saliva
2.pharynx
It is common passage for both food and air and water
3.oesophagus
It shows PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS
Which is rhythmatic contraction and relaxation of oesophagus
Which help food to pass in one direction only to stomach
Reverse peristalsis only occurs during vomiting which is under control of brain.
4.STOMACH
It is j shaped structure
Food is stored here for 3 to 4 hrs
Slowly released into duodenum
Stomach has many folds called RUGAE
they help in expansion and contraction of stomach according to food intake
Stomach has mucosal lining which prevents self digestion of stomach
The secretions of stomach are called as
GASTIRC JUICE
Gastric juice consists of HCL and enzymes
Two important functions of stomach are
It help in release of HCL and enzymes
Hcl functions are
A.kills microbes in food
B.activates enzyme pepsinogen to pepsin
And
other function of stomach is
Stomach has 3 important enzymes
Pepsin
Renin
Lipase.
Pepsin helps in digestion of proteins
Renin helps in digestion of milk protein
Lipase helps in digestion of fats
Two sphincter muscles are present
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Sphincter muscles helps in
One way passage of food
4.DUODENUM
first part of small intestine is duodenum
Duodenum releases sodium and potassium ions
As they are metal ions
Metals are basic
Neutralise acidic food coming from stomach
Duodenum itself dont release any enzymes
But liver and pancreas ducts opens into duodenum
5.LIVER
2imp function of bile
A.neutralise acidic food
B.emulsification of fats
Liver us largest gland in body
Liver secretes BILE JUICE
Bile JUICE consists of
Bile salts and bile pigments
Bile salts are sodium and potassium glycocholates and tarchocholates which help in making food alkaline
Bile pigments are bilirubin and biliverdin.
Which are formed by break down of blood.
Liver secretes bile JUICE into gall bladder
Gall bladder concentrates bilejuice
By removing water in bile juice
And scrtes bile JUICE into duodenum
Through bile duct
6.pancreas
Pancreas is dual gland
Acts as both exocrine and endocrine glands
Endocrine because
It secretes harmones
Exocrine because
It release enzymes
Trypsin
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin digest proteins
Amylase digest carbohydrates
Lipase digests fats
Pancreas release pancreatic juice
Through pancreatic duct
Into duodenum
7.illeum and jejunum
These are other 2 parts of small intestine
In small intestine complete digestion takes place
Digested food is absorbed by finger pike structures called VILLI
villi absorb digested food and gives it to blood
Blood gives digested food to all cells of the body
In each cell food is oxidized in mitochondria
Mitochondria is power house of cell
Mitochondria release energy ,co2 and water
Energy in the form of ATP
it is used in doing metabolic activities
8.caecum and appendix
First segment of large intestine is caecum
Rudimentary appendage called appendix is present at junction of caecum
Appendix is vestigial in humans
But useful in lower organisms for digesting cellulose present in grass
9.large intestine
Main function of large intestine is to absorb water from undigested food
10.rectum
All undigested and waste matter get settled in rectum
11.anus
Waste excreta is passed out through anus
Passing out waste is called DAFEACATION
12.this is how digestion takes place
Enzymes acts as bio catalysts which enhance speed of digestion
After digestion
Carbohydrates are converted to glucose
Fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins are converted to amino acids
Glucose is stored in body glycogen
Glycogen is also often called as ANIMAL STARCH
during starvation stored glycogen again gets converted to glucose and gives instant energy
1.parts of digestive system in humans are
Buccal cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum (liver and pancreas open here)
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
2.Buccal cavity
Space inside mouth is called buccal cavity
A.consists of
tongue ,
teeth ,
salivary glands and
saliva
B.tongue
helps in swallowing,speech, and taste
Swallowing scientifically called deglutition
C.teeth
helps in mastication(chewing food)
D.salivary glands
They are 3 in number secret saliva
They are submaxillary
Sub mandibular
Parotid glands
E.saliva
Saliva has enzyme PTYALIN or salivary amylase
Salivary amylase converts cooked starch in food to maltose
Conclusion is digestion begins in buccal cavity itself with help of saliva
2.pharynx
It is common passage for both food and air and water
3.oesophagus
It shows PERISTALTIC MOVEMENTS
Which is rhythmatic contraction and relaxation of oesophagus
Which help food to pass in one direction only to stomach
Reverse peristalsis only occurs during vomiting which is under control of brain.
4.STOMACH
It is j shaped structure
Food is stored here for 3 to 4 hrs
Slowly released into duodenum
Stomach has many folds called RUGAE
they help in expansion and contraction of stomach according to food intake
Stomach has mucosal lining which prevents self digestion of stomach
The secretions of stomach are called as
GASTIRC JUICE
Gastric juice consists of HCL and enzymes
Two important functions of stomach are
It help in release of HCL and enzymes
Hcl functions are
A.kills microbes in food
B.activates enzyme pepsinogen to pepsin
And
other function of stomach is
Stomach has 3 important enzymes
Pepsin
Renin
Lipase.
Pepsin helps in digestion of proteins
Renin helps in digestion of milk protein
Lipase helps in digestion of fats
Two sphincter muscles are present
Cardiac sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Sphincter muscles helps in
One way passage of food
4.DUODENUM
first part of small intestine is duodenum
Duodenum releases sodium and potassium ions
As they are metal ions
Metals are basic
Neutralise acidic food coming from stomach
Duodenum itself dont release any enzymes
But liver and pancreas ducts opens into duodenum
5.LIVER
2imp function of bile
A.neutralise acidic food
B.emulsification of fats
Liver us largest gland in body
Liver secretes BILE JUICE
Bile JUICE consists of
Bile salts and bile pigments
Bile salts are sodium and potassium glycocholates and tarchocholates which help in making food alkaline
Bile pigments are bilirubin and biliverdin.
Which are formed by break down of blood.
Liver secretes bile JUICE into gall bladder
Gall bladder concentrates bilejuice
By removing water in bile juice
And scrtes bile JUICE into duodenum
Through bile duct
6.pancreas
Pancreas is dual gland
Acts as both exocrine and endocrine glands
Endocrine because
It secretes harmones
Exocrine because
It release enzymes
Trypsin
Amylase
Lipase
Trypsin digest proteins
Amylase digest carbohydrates
Lipase digests fats
Pancreas release pancreatic juice
Through pancreatic duct
Into duodenum
7.illeum and jejunum
These are other 2 parts of small intestine
In small intestine complete digestion takes place
Digested food is absorbed by finger pike structures called VILLI
villi absorb digested food and gives it to blood
Blood gives digested food to all cells of the body
In each cell food is oxidized in mitochondria
Mitochondria is power house of cell
Mitochondria release energy ,co2 and water
Energy in the form of ATP
it is used in doing metabolic activities
8.caecum and appendix
First segment of large intestine is caecum
Rudimentary appendage called appendix is present at junction of caecum
Appendix is vestigial in humans
But useful in lower organisms for digesting cellulose present in grass
9.large intestine
Main function of large intestine is to absorb water from undigested food
10.rectum
All undigested and waste matter get settled in rectum
11.anus
Waste excreta is passed out through anus
Passing out waste is called DAFEACATION
12.this is how digestion takes place
Enzymes acts as bio catalysts which enhance speed of digestion
After digestion
Carbohydrates are converted to glucose
Fats are converted to fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins are converted to amino acids
Glucose is stored in body glycogen
Glycogen is also often called as ANIMAL STARCH
during starvation stored glycogen again gets converted to glucose and gives instant energy
Sunday 6 September 2020
chemistry 10th class lesson video links by AIIMIIT
1.chemical reactions
http://aiimiit.blogspot.com/2020/07/chemical-reactions-topics-video-list.html
2.acidss and bases
http://aiimiit.blogspot.com/2020/07/acids-and-bases-work-sheet-and-video.html
3.metals and non metals
http://aiimiit.blogspot.com/2020/07/metallurgy-topics-worksheet-and-videos.html
4.periodic classification
http://aiimiit.blogspot.com/2020/07/periodic-table-video-lists-and-work.html
5.carbon compounds
http://aiimiit.blogspot.com/2020/07/carbon-compounds-topics-list-and.html
Wednesday 2 September 2020
heredity and evolution video links by aiimiit
1.heredity and variation
Why mendel selected pea plant
https://youtu.be/Gp_GCloohfM
2.monohybrid cross
https://youtu.be/VuDNQeKV258
3.dihybrid cross
https://youtu.be/lngK4GLOFvc
4.sex determination
https://youtu.be/6V0_E_9CYOw
5.acquired and inherited traits
https://youtu.be/EOgaWcKJvLE
6.speciation
https://youtu.be/3VZba_rFdQY
7.evolution and evidences of evolution
https://youtu.be/IvVK9fxVMjU
8.fossils
9.homologous and analogous organs
10.vestigial organs
11.evolution of wings eyes and cabbage
https://youtu.be/Gzr1xhxQydg
12.evolution not equated to progress
https://youtu.be/ceyf4PIc7x4
13.evolution of man
https://youtu.be/T6u-TnK3__Y
14.beetlees all 4 cases
https://youtu.be/uZv_mszLYhs
15.molecular phylogeny
https://youtu.be/JwtakRiikbQ
16.evolution and classification
https://youtu.be/-DITdjLNOD0
17.origin of life on earth
https://youtu.be/QDA07LR4b9A
18.heredity and DNA copying
https://youtu.be/rXrRQgXiVIU
19.evolution full revision
https://youtu.be/rHhykBHz2s8
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